Dentinal Hypersensitivity: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Several factors can contribute to dentinal hypersensitivity, commonly known as tooth sensitivity. Gum recession can expose the roots of the teeth, which lack the same protective enamel covering as the tooth crown, making them more vulnerable to sensitivity. Enamel erosion caused by frequent consumption of acidic foods and beverages, acid reflux, or other sources of acid exposure can gradually wear away the protective enamel and expose the underlying dentin. Brushing too aggressively or using a hard-bristled toothbrush may also contribute to enamel wear and gum recession. Tooth decay can cause sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and may require restorative dental treatment. Cracked or damaged teeth can also lead to sensitivity, particularly while biting or when exposed to temperature changes. Additionally, teeth grinding and clenching, known as bruxism, can cause tooth wear and damage the protective tooth structure. Some patients may also experience temporary sensitivity after dental procedures such as teeth whitening or fillings; however, persistent or severe sensitivity should always be evaluated by a dentist.